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Authors publishing in the International Journal of Economic Modelling and Sustainability (IJEMS) retain the copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. All published articles are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, which allows others to copy, distribute, reproduce, adapt, and commercially reuse the published content, provided that appropriate credit is given to the original authors and source, a link to the license is included, and any modifications are clearly indicated. Authors are permitted to share, deposit, and redistribute their published articles through institutional repositories, personal websites, and other scholarly platforms without an embargo period, provided that the original publication in IJEMS is properly acknowledged.